Located 5 km (3 miles) from the center of Sucre, Bolivia, Cal Orko is a massive limestone slab that is 1.5 km (0.9 miles) long and over 100 meters high (328 ft). Visitors can travel through time on this steep face (72 degrees inclination) to the time when dinosaurs roamed the Earth more than 68 million years ago.

There are an astounding 5,055 distinct dinosaur footprints at Cal Orko, totaling 462 different tracks from at least 8 different species. How, then, did thousands of dinosaur footprints appear on a rock face that is hundreds of feet high and appears to be vertical? For more information, scroll down.

Cal Orko: A Paleontologist’s Dream… Inside a Quarry

Believe it or not, Cal Orko is situated entirely within a limestone quarry owned by FANCESA, Bolivia’s National Cement Factory.

Located in the ‘El Molino’ formation, the sight of heavy mining machinery (one could argue they are today’s ‘land giants’) set against a backdrop of 68 million-year-old dinosaur footprints (Earth’s prehistoric ‘land giants’) creates an intriguing parallel.

Further up the hill is Parque Cretácico. Opened in 2006, the dinosaur museum features 24 life-sized dinosaur replicas, various exhibitions, and a viewing platform 150 meters (~500 ft) from the rock face. It’s from this vantage point that you truly grasp the sheer scale and magnitude of Cal Orko.

So Dinosaurs Can Climb Walls Now?

Not quite. We’re looking at something 68 million years in the making. The footprints at this site were formed during the Maastrichtian age of the Cretaceous Period in the Mesozoic Era. As Ian Belcher of The Guardian explains:

“It was unique climate fluctuations that made the region a palaeontological honey pot. The creatures’ feet sank into the soft shoreline in warm damp weather, leaving marks that were solidified by later periods of drought. Wet weather then returned, sealing the prints below mud and sediment.

The wet-dry pattern was repeated seven times, preserving multiple layers of prints.

The cherry on the cake was added when tectonic activity pushed the flat ground up to a brilliant viewing angle – as if nature was aware of its tourism potential.”

Cal Orko is one of the few locations in the world where you will find a concentration of footprints from a wide variety of dinosaurs that lived at the end of the Cretaceous period. The sheer size, geological significance, biodiversity, and social behavior that can be studied here makes Cal Orko a special place.

Take the trail of Johnny Walker for example. Johnny Walker was the name given to a 𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑦 Tyrannosaurus rex whose 367 meters (~1200 ft) path can be traced and observed here.